The low cost, environmental harmless cu 2 znsns 4 czts based thin film solar cells are fabricated by using abundant materials. The technology is based on an array of single crystalline silicon spheres, each measuring 12 mm across, embedded in a transparent medium. A kesterite czts based solar cell is studied with back surface field. Organic materials were removed using a hot roll at 195 iv measurement of a typical czts solar cell showed the feasibility of this method to be used to make czts solar cell j sc 4. Solar energy materials and solar cells sciencedirect. In this final report highlights of the first three quarters will be provided and details will be given of the final quarter. Aug 26, 2015 conclusion in the czts solar cell development, significant progress on this relatively new research area has been achieved in recent years. This improvement is attributed to the better charge collection, which. Preparation and characterization of cu2znsns4 thin films and solar cells. Growth of cztsbased monograins and their application to. Reactive sputtering was used to grow thin films of the pure sulfide cu2znsns4 czts material while compound sputtering was used to incorporate selenium into the film and grow the sulfoselenide hybrid material cu2znsns, se4 cztsse. Characteristics and optimization of znocdsczts photovoltaic.
Cts and czts for solar cells made by pulsed laser deposition and pulsed electron deposition. Chemically deposited cds bufferkesterite cu2znsns4 solar. Earthabundant, copperzinctinsulfide czts, kesterite, is an attractive absorber material for thinfilm solar cells tfscs. Thin films of czts and czto for solar cells produced by. Effect of absorber parameters on znsczts based solar cell effect of czts thickness. Czts have three major advantages over the commercially available solar cells of today. Cdfree cu2znsns4 solar cell with an efficiency greater. The crosssection morphology of the czts solar cell fig. Silvaco simulating solar cell devices using silvaco tcad tools. Czts thin film solar cells institute for materials. Copper zinc tin sulfidebased thin film solar cells. Czts also has near ideal properties for solar photovoltaics, as it is a very strong absorber and has a band gap of around 1.
The synthesis and characterization of thin film copper zinc. Study of czts and cztsse solar cells for buffer layers. One of the most versatile materials grown as thin films today are from derivatives of pure and doped zinc oxide. In the same year, ennaoui in germany hzb obtained the czts solar cells with a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 3. Synthesis and characterization of kesterite cu2znsns4 czts. Solutionprocessed cu2znsns4 thin film with mixed solvent. Synthesis and characterization of kesterite cu2znsns4. The device performance indicates that reline is a viable green solvent for the electrodeposition of czts thin film solar cells in a low cost way. At last, the development prospect of cu2znsns4 thin film solar cells was commented.
A czts solar cell device having conversion efficiency of. Efficiency enhancement of cu2znsns4 thin film solar cells by. Copper zinc tin sulfide based thin film solar cells. Tcad modules required for solar cell simulation include. Here, we report a cdfree czts solar cell that exhibits 2019 energy and environmental science hot articles. Cigs and cdte are two of the most promising thinfilm solar cells and have recently seen growing.
Sputtering and pulsed laser deposition are typical vacuum techniques, which are employed for solar cell absorbers of. An sns 2 buffer layer is used in simulation instead of the standard cds layer. The czts film possesses promising characteristic optical properties. Environmentally friendly earthabundant cdfree cu2znsns4 czts solar cells have recently achieved increasing power conversion efficiency by using znsno as the buffer layer. Solar photovoltaic pv cells san jose state university. Cu2znsns4based solar cells, which constitute an inexpensive, beyondsi photovoltaic technology, often suffer from low opencircuit voltage and efficiency. Synthesis of cu2znsns4 nanocrystal ink and its use for. Unsw takes out czts efficiency world record pv magazine.
Czts solar cell s and s elements individual and combined s. Currently czts sulfide absorbers for solar cells with the highest efficiency have all been produced by. If all of it was used to make solar cells, we could generate 0. Properties of highefficiency cigs thinfilm solar cells kannan ramanathan, james keane, and rommel noufi national center for photovoltaics, national renewable energy laboratory, 1617 cole boulevard, golden co 80401. The power conversion efficiency of czts solar cell device is enhanced significantly from 5. However, the large open circuit voltage voc deficit remains the key concern. Understanding the effects of cd and ag doping in cu2znsns4. The high absorption coefficient and direct optical band gap of a kesterite cu 2 znsns 4 czts makes it very promising absorber material in the manufacturing of high efficiency and lowcost thin film photovoltaic cells. Physical parameters used for numerical analysis of czts solar cells. However, there is still a need to develop lowcost and scalable synthesis methods. However, the practical aspects of controlling deposit morphology and composition have not been significantly addressed because of the complex coplating variables that still need to be understood for multinary alloy ed. A study of czts thin films for solar cell applications.
The thin films were incorporated into devices based on the the widely accepted cuingase2 cigs device stack. The maximum efficiency reported for mixed sulfoselenide cztsse cell is 12. The material is composed of nontoxic and earthabundant constituents, has optical properties suitable for photovoltaic application, and can be synthesized using a wide variety of methods. Since silicon solar panels only use one pane of glass, thin film panels are. Cu2znsns4 czts is a prominent low cost absorber layer to be used as a substitute of cigs absorber layer in the thin film solar cells. Cu2znsns4 cztsbased solar cells show a promising performance in the field of sunlightbased energy production system. In addition, the zns secondary phase can be decreased and the grain sizes can be improved to some degree by partial replacement of zn with cd in czcts thin film. A copperzinctinsulphide czts based solar cell with a modi. Analysis of sns2 buffer layer and sns back surface layer. Fabrication of thin film czts solar cells with pulsed. Czts thin film solar cells the science behind the research kesterite cu 2 znsns 4 czts materials have direct band gap energies ranging from 1.
However, the opencircuit voltage deficit vocdeficit resulting from a high recombination rate at the bufferabsorber interface is one of the major challenges that must be overcome to improve the performance of kesteritebased tfscs. This research work presents a numerical simulation of czts based solar cell by using one dimensional solar cell simulation. Shedding light on new frontiers of solar cell semiconductors. Aug 30, 2016 read czts absorber layer for thin film solar cells from electrodeposited metallic stacked precursors zncusn, applied surface science on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Czts solar cells with voc of 740 mv and efficiency of 7. Electrodeposited czts solar cells from reline electrolyte. Dec 10, 20 thinfilm module manufacturer solar frontier claims to have broken the world record for czts cell efficiency, reaching 12. Each sphere functions as an individual, miniature solar cell 5. Silicon is a popular candidate material for solar pv cells because. Copper zinc tin sulfide czts is a quaternary semiconducting compound which has received. The absorber layer thickness is a crucial parameter on the performance of thin film solar cells. Feb 11, 2012 presentation on solar cell technology slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Towards highefficiency czts solar cell through buffer layer. Effect of absorber parameters on zns czts based solar cell effect of czts thickness.
However, despite the efforts and developments undertaken in recent years, the czts thin film solar cell efficiency is still far from the maximum theoretical efficiency. Effect of na doping on the performance and the band alignment of. Apr 27, 2016 unsw takes out czts efficiency world record. Download copper zinc tin sulfidebased thinfilm solar cells. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record link back to dtu orbit citation apa.
Voids within czts absorber and severe band tailing problem lead to the reduced jsc. Solar cells fabricated using selenized czts nanocrystal inks had a power conversion. Characterization of a czts thin film solar cell grown by. Cu2znsns4 czts and cu2znsnse4 cztse based solar cells are promising candidates for low cost solar cells due to the natural abundance and low toxicity of the constituent elements.
Each of the first three quarters of the subcontract has been detailed in quarterly reports. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Czts absorber layer for thin film solar cells from. Copper zinc tin sulfide cu2znsns4 or czts is a promising candidate as a sunlight absorbing layer in thin film solar cells. An overview of solar cell technology stanford university. Ito and nakazawa at shinshu university succeeded in fabricating the czts thin film by the atomic beam sputtering technique, and clarified that the optical band gap energy was near the optimum value of 1. Czts solar cells absorbers produced by sputtering or. Properties of high efficiency cigs thinfilm solar cells. An additional back surface passivation layer of sns is added in the modi. Greenb and yexiang liua aschool of metallurgical science and engineering, central south university, changsha 410083, china. Doctoral school in materials science and engineering cuu 2 zznnssnnss. Czts cu 2znsns 4 is a promising material for ll absorbers andsolar ceconsists of abundant, environmentally friendly elements with a recently obtained efficiency of 9. Pdf numerical simulation of cigs thin film solar cells.
High quality czts nanocrystals with well controlled size, shape, and chemical composition have been successfully synthesized 9093. In the present contribution a znocds czts structure with new thicknesses of the different layers has been proposed using solar cell capacitance simulator. We have recently produced solar cells by cosputtering deposition and pld with a record efficiency of 6. Single step electrochemical deposition for the fabrication. Pdf numerical simulation of czts thin film solar cell. While previous experiments have reported improved performances with isovalent substitution of cd and ag for cu and zn, respectively, the. This work is the first report of using a deep eutectic solvent named reline as a green electrolyte to electrodeposit czts films for photovoltaic applications. Beyond 11% efficient sulfide kesterite cu2znxcd1xsns4. Japans solar frontier, with ibm and tokyo ohka kogyo, have previously achieved 12.
Surface modification enabled carrier mobility adjustment. A typical czts solar cell showed an opencircuit voltage of 321 mv, a shortcircuit current density of 1. Nontoxic and cheap thinfilm solar cells for zeroenergy buildings worlds highest efficiency rating achieved for czts thinfilm solar cells. Alkali doping can suppress deleterious antisite defects in kesterite cu2znsns4 czts.
In this research work, scaps software was used to simulate a sandwiched perovskitebased solar cell. This is the highest efficiency so far obtained for czts thin film based solar cell using wet chemistry silar technique. Sodium doping improves the performance of czts solar cells. The solar cell efficiency in czts was increased to 5. The quaternary compound cu2znsns4 czts gained considerable attention in the last decade due to its potential as an activelayer semiconductor for lowcost thinfilm solar cells. Cu2znsns4 czts thin film solar cells become an interesting research topic due to some advantages of the czts thin film such as having nontoxic and abundant components, a low price and excellent optoelectronic properties. Pulsed laser deposition pld of the czts absorber for. Modeling and simulation of cztsperovskite sandwiched. Ibm has an active research department in this area and recently announced a czts based solar cell that had a conversion efficiency of 11.
Many different solar cell technologies are being developed, for various applications rooftops, solar power plants, satellites, backpacks or clothing, etc. Czts was first created in 1966 and was later shown to exhibit the photovoltaic effect in 1988. Energy conversion efficiency, costeffectiveness, and longterm durability. Spisces, blaze, luminous, tft, device3d, luminous3d and tft3d 1.
Currently czts sulfide absorbers for solar cells with the highest efficiency have all been produced by vacuum techniques which thus seem to be superior to solution processing for czts cells. May 26, 2014 the same group of researchers later on improved the efficiency of czts thin films based solar cell using similar approach to 1. These include amps, silvaco, scaps, simwindows, and aforshet. Here, substitution of cd improves the bulk quality of czts, resulting in a photocurrent enhancement of 4 ma cm. Beginning with an overview and historical background of copper zinc tin sulphide czts technology, subsequent chapters cover properties of czts thin films, different preparation methods of czts thin films, a comparative study of czts and cigs solar cell, computational approach, and future applications of czts thin film solar modules to both. Kyosemi corporation, japan has developed sphelar, a spherical solarcell technology that captures sunlight in three dimensions. Pdf improvement of efficiency in cztsse solar cell by.
Interfacial properties of czts thin film solar cell. A kesterite cu 2 znsns 4 thin film solar cell with efficiency of over 9% is obtained by utilizing zn 1 x cd x s film as a replacement to traditional cds buffer layer. A czts solar cell device having conversion efficiency of 0. Pdf effect of czts parameters on photovoltaic solar cell. We have systematically investigated that the concentration of cuii ions can influence the properties of czts absorber layers and the photovoltaic performance of the resulting solar cell devices. The interfacial properties of device were characterized by crosssectional sem and crosssectional hrtem. Science of silicon pv cells scientific base for solar pv electric power generation is solidstate physics of semiconductors silicon is a popular candidate material for solar pv cells because. Although the dark are degraded with respect to the cztsse cell see main text, ff of the cztsse cell despite its lower voc. Development of cztsbased thin film solar cells sciencedirect. The lab cell efficiency for cdte and cigs is now beyond 21 percent. Pdf effect of czts parameters on photovoltaic solar cell from. Therefore, asi amorphous solar cell is comparatively cheaper and widely available. Surface modification enabled carrier mobility adjustment in czts nanoparticle thin films. Aug 17, 2012 shedding light on new frontiers of solar cell semiconductors.
Nevertheless, the nonvacuum, lowtoxic preparation of czts inks could produce lowcost thin films with superior homogeneous composition. Czts is a promising photoabsorber as a photocathode for water reduction to produce hydrogen but its performance is often limited by the presence of a high concentration of defects. In this simulation, the czts thickness was varied from 0. I feel sorry for any new graduate student beginning a project from a web of science search for kesterite or czts solar cell with 1155 results 28th may 2015. I am also grateful to the doctoral school in materials science and engineering and to the department of civil environmental and. The first thing to consider in choosing the best possible solar cell is its efficiency in converting sunlight to electricity. Boost voc of pure sulfide kesterite solar cell via a. The amorphous word with respect to solar cell means that the comprising silicon material of the cell lacks a definite arrangement of atoms in the lattice, noncrystalline structure, or not highly structured. Kesterite cu2znsns4 czts thinfilm solar cells have drawn worldwide attention because of outstanding performance and earthabundant constituents. Silvaco tcad offers complete and well integrated simulation software for all aspects of solar cell technology. Conclusion in the czts solar cell development, significant progress on this relatively new research area has been achieved in recent years. Controllable multinary alloy electrodeposition for thinfilm.
Beginning with an overview and historical background of copper zinc tin sulphide czts technology, subsequent chapters cover properties of czts thin films, different preparation methods of czts thin films, a comparative study of czts and cigs solar cell, computational approach, and future applications of czts thin film solar modules to both groundmount and rooftop installation. A thinfilm solar cell is a second generation solar cell that is made by depositing one or more. A small, prototype solar cell that uses czts, a photovoltaic semiconductor that university of utah metallurgists produced in an old microwave oven that once heated student lunches. Single step electrochemical deposition of czts quaternary compound thin films on indium tin oxide ito substrates is reported in this work. Influence of solvent on the properties of czts nanoparticles core. Electrodeposition ed technology is a lowcost industrial candidate for solar cell fabrication. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private. After explaining the reasons of the sudden interest of the cigs scienti. We propose a novel thinfilm solar cell structure in which the traditional transparent conductive oxide electrode, zno. The presented work is essential because it can contribute to full understanding of the performance of czts solar cell.
Here, we present the first reported synthesis of colloidal czts nanocrystals using a simple solutionphase method. Zn 1 x cd x s film can optimize the conduction band offset between cu 2 znsns 4 absorber and buffer, forming a minor positive conduction band alignment, thereby alleviating the recombination significantly and improving the. An overview of solar cell technology mike mcgehee materials science and engineering global climate and energy projectglobal climate and energy project center for advanced molecular photovoltaics precourt institute stanford university konarka nanosolar john benner provided the slides with the nrel logo. Czts is comprised of earth abundant and nontoxic elements, and power conversion efficiencies in czts based solar cells have risen quickly. Journal of energy and power engineering 2019 3236. All constituents of this czts film, which are abundant in the crust of the earth, are nontoxic. Request permissions electrodeposited czts solar cells from reline electrolyte.
Nanolayers of graphene and nanotubes have become the attractive materials as the front or back electrodes in thin film solar cells. Characterization of cu2znsns4 thin films prepared by. Numerical device simulation of carbon nanotube contacted czts. Fundamental properties of solar cells, principles and. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record link back to dtu orbit. Al, is replaced by a thin layer of singlewall carbon nanotubes bundle with a honeycomb network. Pulsed laser deposition pld of the czts absorber for thin solar cells with up to 5. Czts thin film with thickness of about 3 m was screen printed on mocoated glass substrate and then was dried naturally. However, problems such as coexistence of complex secondary phases, the band tailing issue, short minority lifetime, bulk defects, and undesirable band alignment at pn interfaces need to be addressed for further efficiency improvement. Pdf a solar cell is an electronic device which directly converts sunlight into electricity. Preparation and characterization of dip coated zno thin films for dyesensitized solar cell applications free download abstract thin films form a fair share in the ever growing solar cell research and also in the market. Doping gradient in the czts absorber is the key for voc improvement.
In this work, a solutionbased preparation method was developed to fabricate a czts solar. Simulating solar cell devices using silvaco tcad tools. Cu 2 znsns 4 czts thin films with fine control over composition and pure phase were fabricated by sulfurization of coelectroplated cuznsns precursors. Champion efficiency of czts thin film solar cell tfsc has reached 8. Silvaco simulating solar cell devices using silvaco tcad.